Microbial fouling, or biofouling, refers to the attachment and growth of microorganisms in aqueous systems. Microbial biofilms which form on metal surfaces can initiate and accelerate corrosion. The consequences of MIC in nuclear facilities can be severe, where financial losses result from material replacement costs and equipment failure. In addition, perforations of pipes can lead to the release of radioactive liquids, which are a health hazard.
Microorganisms usually cause pitting corrosion. Pitting is one of the most destructive and concealed forms of corrosion, and often causes equipment to fail abruptly. Pits are difficult to detect since they are generally covered with corrosion products. Control of MIC requires implementation of effective monitoring and preventive maintenance programs.
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