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Real Solutions - 316(a) & 316(b)
Achieving a Cost-effective Approach Through Practical Expertise Case Study 1 – Hydrodynamics of Intake / Discharge Louver Systems Objective: Kinectrics used CFX modeling to make a comparison of hydrodynamics of traditional and modified louver systems being considered at intakes or discharges of power plants:
Scope: Two scenarios were designed with different panel orientations and the simulation results were analyzed and compared as shown. (See PDF) Result: CFX modeling by Kinectrics demonstrated that flow pattern / characteristics induced by a louver system strongly depend on the general flow rate, direction and panel geometry as well as local bathymetric conditions. It was determined that employing revised louvers for this project would produce a reduced fish approach velocity, that would in turn allow additional time to influence fish behavioral response and enable a more effective fish diversion system. Case Study 2 – Pipe-based Discharge Technology (Fish Perception) Objective: Fish attraction to station discharges is a concern since fish may be subjected to rapid changes in temperature and suffer mortality as a result. The objective of this project was to provide a preliminary review of different technology options that may have potential for repelling Crevalle Jack fish. Scope: Laboratory experiments were conducted (at Vero Beach, FL) on the responses of Crevalle Jack to different configurations of a pipe-based technology (space perception cues). Studies focused on different configurations of a 2-foot diameter pipe: straight, 45 degree and 90 degree. Result: Fish behavioral response was recorded and assessed: Objective: There was concern with regard to the effect of elevated temperatures on the reproduction of cold-water species such as Round Whitefish. While eggs exposed to small water temperature elevations from discharge heating might experience some increased mortality if temperature increases exceed 30 C, the greatest adverse effect could occur from the advancement of hatching time, resulting in asynchrony of whitefish larvae and their early food supply.· Fish approach all pipe configurations as a school · Straight pipe: fish approach within 1 foot · For 45 & 90 degree configuration, avoidance usually occurred at a greater distance Results indicated marked avoidance by fish of specific pipe configurations. Data can be used to validate and support advancement to plant pilot projects. Case Study 3 – Discharge Temperatures and Fish Egg Incubation Studies Scope: Potential effects of the thermal discharge were determined through laboratory studies of constant and fluctuating temperatures. Mathematical models were developed to predict effects from periodic, or constant waste heat on egg incubation. Whitefish eggs were incubated in 16 combinations of constant and fluctuating regimes ranging from 1.8 to 100C Results: Optimal survival occurred in the 4 to 6O C range. Survival declined only slightly (to 70%) at lower temperatures, but declined very rapidly at temperatures above 80 C, reaching less than 5% at constant 10 The sensitivity of whitefish eggs to thermal stress changed throughout development. For example, the eggs were quite sensitive to both extreme high and low temperatures early in development. Tentatively, it was suggested that continuous temperature rises of 1 to 20 C, or occasional heating by 3 to 40 C, would be unlikely to adversely affect egg survival or the timing of hatch. Paul Patrick, Ph. D., 416.207.6000 x6277, paul.patrick@kinectrics.comDarlene Ager, Ph. D., 416.207.6000 x6864, darlene.ager@kinectrics.comContent last modified: 2007-11-29 |